Rules

CountrySporting

Chapter 1 - Concept & Organisation

1.1 Concept

CountrySporting is a shooting discipline dedicated to replicating as closely as possible those situations which may be encountered in the field when hunting live quarry. The discipline uses shotguns and air rifles used for hunting purposes in situations with varying levels of difficulty. Different types of artificial targets are launched or displayed in order to test the shooters’ technical and sporting skills.

1.2 Organisation

The organisation and layout of a CountrySporting layout must consider the safety of those present and the protection and management of the environment. Shooting at live animals is not permitted under any circumstances.

1.3 Conditions of entry

1.3.1 Only shotgun licence holders may enter CountrySporting events. Children may compete under current legal requirements.

1.3.2 Only air rifles up to 12/ft/lbs may be used

1.3.3 Competitors must have third party insurance of the type offered by BASC, CPSA or Countryside Alliance

Chapter 2 - Sporting layouts

2.1 Layout

Depending on the configuration of the competition terrain a sporting layout must be equipped with enough traps and field targets for the competitors to shoot under conditions that resemble live quarry shooting as much as possible; partridge, duck, pheasant, rabbit, rat, pigeon etc.

2.2 Clay Pigeon Traps

A minimum of two traps are required for each stand. The ideal is three traps per stand but two is acceptable if the targets are significantly more difficult than stands with three traps.

All traps must be automatic and must be electronically controlled.

2.3.1 Targets (shotgun)

The targets used are: standard, rabbit, midi, mini, battue and flash. Targets should be

black (to minimize environmental impact) unless it would severely disadvantage

competitors. This should be assessed by the course designer on each stand.

2.3.2 Targets (air rifle)

The targets used are of the knock down type controlled by the referee. They may be

situated in open ground, scrub and may be placed at any height above ground.

2.4.1 Shooting Stands (shotgun)

Shooting stands must create an obvious and defined safe arc of fire in which the

competitor may shoot. They should be large enough for competitors to shoot in either the

standing or siting position without feeling unduly cramped (a minimum 1 metre square or

circle). The cage should either be large enough for wheelchair users or that they can shoot

from outside the stand without being disadvantaged or placed in danger vs. those shooting

from within the stand.

2.4.2 Shooting stands (air rifle)

Shooting positions must all face outwards from spectator areas, competitors will shoot

from within a 1 metre square box indicated either by rope, wood or other methods that

make the boundaries clear. If situated near to obstacles or vegetation the competitor must

be able to shoot from the box without hindrance. Each position must take into account the

type of shooting taking place i.e. prone, kneeling or standing in the supported or

unsupported position.

2.5.1 Clay Target presentations

Sporting layouts must comply with hunting ethics and shooting distances, i.e.

No shooting at close range

No shooting beyond the effective range of the cartridge

2.5.2 Each stand will present either two or three separate targets. These will be launched either as simultaneous or delayed pairs randomly with a fixed interval between pairs to enable the shooter to reload.

2.5.3 Two cartridges can be fired at each target if required.

2.5.4 Air Rifle Target presentations

Targets should replicate the positions and distances found when hunting live quarry. They may be partly hidden by undergrowth or obstacles, situated above ground level or even in trees. Care should be taken to avoid ricochet towards the firing line.

2.5.5 Only one pellet can be fired at each target.

2.5.6 Target presentation replacement. If, for any reason a clay target launcher or air rifle target becomes inoperative the organisers retain the right to replace the target which, in the opinion of the jury is of a similar level of difficulty.

Chapter 3 - Shooting Rules

3.1 Shooting position (shotgun)

3.1.1 Shooters may not start in the pre-mounted position i.e. gun visibly touching either or shoulder and face).

3.1.2 Shooters may not shoulder their guns until the target appears.

3.1.3 During each pair shooters may position their guns as they please between the first and second targets.

3.1.4 Under no circumstances may guns be tested on the shooting stand. Before going onto a layout, shooters may, if they wish, test the operation of their guns on side events such as a “pool shoot”.

3.1.5 Shotgun Shooters will be shown the targets prior to the first shooter in a squad entering the cage.

3.1.6 Hearing protection. See Chapter 8.10

3.1.6 Safety glasses. See Chapter 8.11

3.2 Shooting position (air rifle)

Shooters may not pre-mount (see 3.1.1) the rifle until the first target is visible, thereafter the shooter may position the rifle safely as they please

3.2.1 Testing guns

Under no circumstances may guns be tested on the shooting stand. Before going onto a layout, shooters may, if they wish, test the operation of their guns on side events such as a “pool shoot”.

Chapter 4 - Definitions

4.1 CountrySporting combines simulated game shooting with a shotgun and field target shooting with an air rifle.

4.2 Clay target “pair”

Shooters are allowed only two cartridges per pair. Pairs will be launched randomly either together (simultaneous) or one after the other (following). Only one shot may be fired at repeat targets.

Chapter 5 - Referees

5.1 Referees taking part in any CountrySporting competition undertake to:

• Adhere to the rules and ensure that the rules are adhered to;

• Take their decisions in an honest and impartial way;

• Place themselves at a spot enabling them to judge observance of the rules under optimum conditions;

• Announce their decisions clearly and loudly enough for the shooters to hear them;

• Listen to shooters’ protests respectfully but without allowing themselves to be influenced by the shooter or other competitors.

5.2 Referees must ensure good order and proper conduct on the shooting stand and also during shoot-offs.

5.3 When a competitor is ready to shoot, he/she audibly calls “ready” or “pull” or similar to the referee, who then starts the sequence. The first shotgun target must be launched within three seconds.

5.4 In exceptional circumstances the referee may interrupt shooting if there is a sudden heavy shower or violent storm likely to be of short duration. If the referee subsequently decides that the interruption may be longer than initially thought the jury must be informed.

5.5 A shooter is not entitled to refuse a target unless he/she has not called for the sequence to begin. Only the referee has the authority to rule on whether a trajectory or a “No Bird” complies with the rules, competitors are advised to shoot at all targets presented so long that in doing so they do not endanger either life or property. Referees will add on extra targets to the end of the sequence in the event of “No Birds” occurring and the shooter will be notified of this once the sequence is complete. “No Birds” even if presented as a single target can only be shot at with one cartridge.

Chapter 6 - Target refereeing

6.1 Referees make their decisions alone.

6.2 Squad shooters are not to intervene or express their opinions on target rulings.

6.3 The target will be marked on the scorecard with an X if:

When it has been launched and the shooter has fired at it in accordance with article 3.1 and at least one piece is visibly shot off or it is completely or partially destroyed. This also applies to flash targets. In the event of air rifle targets the target must respond in an obvious manner indicating that it has been hit in line with the target system being used.

6.4 The target is marked with an O on the scorecard:

If the shooter fails to fire at the target without any valid reason.

If the shooter fires but the target is not hit and no piece visibly comes off.

If the shooter, in the case of a gun malfunction, opens the gun or touches the safety catch before the referee has checked the gun.

If there is a second malfunction of the gun or ammunition during the same round.

6.5 “NO BIRD”

6.5.1 “NO BIRD” due to the weapon or ammunition

The list below applies in the case of the first incident in the same round event.

The shooter receives a warning for the first incident and the target is called “Single NO BIRD added”. After the first incident, all targets not shot at for the same reasons as the first incident are counted as “zero.” No additional targets are added to the sequence.

Any shooter experiencing a shotgun misfire (a jam on a semi auto does not count as a misfire) should not open the gun for at least 30 seconds whilst keeping it pointed in a safe direction or for five seconds in the event of an air rifle. After that time they can either reload and continue or if another competitor is happy to provide a replacement gun the competitor may continue with a borrowed gun. The competitor will be entitled to a sequence restart but only thye number of targets remaining can be shot and all score from the first attempt will be carried over.Any borrowed gun must be handed to the competitor unloaded and in a safe manner.

If the fault cannot be repaired, the shooter is entitled to continue with the squad with the referee’s agreement and provided that he/she immediately obtains another gun from his own squad(cf. Article 7.3). Otherwise, the shooter must leave the squad and may only shoot the remaining targets when there is a place in another squad and with the jury’s agreement.

If a shooter encounters any further malfunction then the target sequence will proceed whether the shooters weapon is able to fire or not. If the fault is potentially dangerous the referee should immediately stop shooting.

6.5.2 «NO BIRD» due to the target.

The list below applies in the following cases and will result in additional targets being added at the end of the sequence:

• If a broken target is thrown;

• If the target is not thrown from the correct trap;

• If the target is not of the correct colour, size or type;

• If the trajectory is ruled incorrect by the referee;

• If the shooter has not called for the first target of a sequence;

• If the referee rules that the shooter has clearly been disturbed;

If the referee is unable to give a ruling on the target.

6.6 If both targets of a pair are broken by one shot, they are scored as a “killed” pair.

Chapter 7 - Weapons and ammunition

7.1.1 All legal shotguns, including semi-automatics (except for pump-action shotguns), are permitted provided they not exceed 12 gauge.

7.1.2 All shotguns must be carried open (semi-automatic guns must be carried with the breech open and facing out), with the muzzle pointing straight up or down. Straps or slings on shotguns are not permitted. When not in use guns must be either sleeved, be placed vertically in a gun rack or in a similar place provided for this purpose. The breech must be open for semi-automatic guns. Shooters waiting to shoot may have guns un-slipped but they must be broken (open on semi autos)

7.1.3 Other shooters’ guns must not be touched without their permission. Shooters in the same squad are permitted to use/share the same gun in a competition or championship.

7.2.1 Some stands may have manufacturers try guns available for use. Competitors may only use try guns of the same calibre as their own as indicated on their scorecard.

7.2.2 Competitors may use manufacturers try guns for the duration of an event.

7.3 Complete or partial replacement of a weapon, choke or barrel is allowed during the same round or between stands.

7.4 Once shooters are on the shooting stand they are not allowed to make any changes.

7.5 Should both barrels fire simultaneously (double discharge) and one of a pair of targets is killed it is scored as “killed.” The other target is called “single No Bird added.” If a double discharge occurs on the following pair any target “killed” is scored accordingly but the shooter will either stop shooting or continue with another gun. No “No Birds” will be added and the sequence will continue whilst the shooter changes guns

7.6. The cartridge shot load must not exceed 28 grams with a maximum tolerance of +2%. Shot must be spherical, of a regular diameter of 2.0 to 2.5 mm. The use of dispersers or any other unusual loading device is forbidden, as is the use of reloaded cartridges, black powder and tracer cartridges.

7.7.1 Air Rifles up to 12 ft/lbs (spring, gas ram, or PCP) are eligible so long as they can reasonably described as Hunting or Field rifles. Those specifically made for target shooting or those fitted with butt hooks are not permitted.

7.7.2 Random compulsory chronograph checks may be carried out during the event. Rifles found to be over the legal limit will be disqualified.

7.7.3 Rifles must be unloaded and carried in slips between stands and when on the stand must be carried in a safe manner with the muzzle pointing straight up or down.

7.7.4 Conventional Slings on rifles are permitted and may be used as an aid.

7.8 Other shooters’ rifles must not be touched without their permission. Shooters in the same squad are permitted to use/share the same rifle in a competition or championship.

7.9 A shooter may borrow another shooter’s rifle

7.10 With the exception of optics complete or partial replacement of a rifle or barrel is allowed during the same round or between stands.

7.11. Once a shooter is on a stand they are not allowed to make any changes. No changes to scopes are permitted from the beginning of the round

7.12 Pellets must be of a standard types and must not be of either a dart, sabot or metal within a metal design.

7.13 The referee may ask the shooter to supply shotgun cartridges or pellets for checking before the shooter starts on a stand. If shotgun cartridges of differing calibre or contraband pellets are found the competitor will be disqualified.

Chapter 8 - Rules of conduct & safety

8.1 If a shooter acts in an unacceptable manner e.g throwing down the gun, abusive language or acting violently towards the referee or other competitors the referee must cease shooting immediately and refer the matter to the jury as quickly as possible (13.4).

8.2 A shooter may shoot only in his/her proper turn and only when a target has been launched or presented.

8.3 Shooters are not permitted to aim or fire at other shooters’ targets or to aim or fire knowingly at live animals (13.4).

8.4 No pretence/mock shooting is allowed on the ranges or outside. If a shooter, before calling “ready”, engages in mock shooting e.g. mounting the gun and following the theoretical line of the target trajectory or fires a shot involuntarily the referee must give the shooter a warning. Any further occurrence is scored “lost” for the next target hit.

8.5 Shooters must be ready to shoot immediately when called and must have the necessary ammunition and equipment for their round. Once a sequence has begun the shooter cannot leave the cage without forfeiting the remaining targets. Under no circumstances should a shooter move forward to the stand until the previous shooter has left it and it is his/her turn to shoot.

8.6 Shooters must not load until they are in the stand with the weapon aiming down the range and the referee has given permission to start firing.

8.7 Semi-automatic shotguns may be loaded with a maximum of two cartridges.

8.8 Shooters must not turn around on the shooting range before breaking their guns and removing the cartridges from the chambers, whether they have been fired or not. In the case of Air rifles they must be slipped as soon as possible on leaving the stand and must be kept pointed in a safe direction at all times.

8.8 During the presentation of targets or when shooting is interrupted, shooters must break and unload their guns. They may close/cock/load only when given permission by the referee.

8.9 If a shooter fails to fire or in the event of a gun or cartridge malfunction, the shooter must remain at his/her place with the gun pointing down the range, without breaking it or touching the safety catch, until the referee has checked the gun.

8.10 Hearing protection

Hearing protection is compulsory for all shooters, referees, staff and members of the public on or in the proximity of a shotgun stand. Any shooter on a stand without hearing protection is considered absent and Rule 16.7 applies.

8.11 Safety glasses

Safety glasses are compulsory for shooters, referees, staff and anyone else in the immediate vicinity of a shotgun stand. Any shooter on a stand not wearing safety glasses is considered absent and Rule 16.7 applies. It is recommended that competitors wear safety glasses in the air rifle area.

8.12 When a single prolonged blast of a whistle or hooter is heard all shooting must immediately stop. Shooters must unload and air rifle should discharge their rifles into the ground, away from the target, at a safe distance. Targets must NOT be sighted or the gun shouldered during a cease fire.

Upon hearing two blasts of the whistle or hooter firing may commence after the referee has visually checked it is safe to do so.

8.13 Dress

Chapter 9 - Appeals

Shotgun

9.1 The onus is upon the shooter to break their targets at places that are visible to the referee so that a ruling can be given.

9.2 If the referee rules that a target has been shot behind a natural obstacle or shooting limit, no appeal against the referee’s decision is admissible.

9.3 Under no circumstances will shooters be permitted to leave their positions or pick up a target to check whether it has been hit.

9.4 If a shooter disagrees with the referee’s decision, they should continue to shoot the sequence. An appeal must be made immediately the sequence finishes by raising his/her hand and saying “appeal” or “protest”. The referee must then suspend further firing and the shooter must give the reason for the appeal.

9.5. If the referee is convinced the ruling is correct, he/she must immediately confirm the decision, which then becomes enforceable without recourse (Rules 10.1 and 10.2).

9.5.1 If the referee has any doubts about his/her decision, he may consult one of the following in a consultative capacity before making a definitive ruling:

• another referee present;

• the trapper or other shoot staff present;

• The shooters belonging to the squad concerned.

The referee is not obliged to agree with the opinions given.

9.5.2 Following consultation as specified above, the referee should give his/her definitive ruling, which then becomes indisputable (10.1 and 10.2).

9.6 For any reason other than in Rule 9.2, a trajectory ruled as correct, a “No Bird” or a target recorded as “X” or “O”, the referee’s decision can be appealed before the jury.

9.7 To appeal against a referee’s decision, a shooter must protest in writing to the jury, with a deposit fee of £15.

9.8 If the jury finds in the shooter’s favour the deposit is returned, otherwise it is donated to charity nominated by the event organiser. If the jury finds the protest is justified, though for a reason other than those referred to in Rule 9.6, it may reverse the referees ruling. The jury may also appoint a new referee or amend the referee’s ruling (Rule 9.6).

Air Rifle

9.9 Under no circumstances will shooters be permitted to leave their positions or go forward from the firing point to check whether a target has been hit or for any other reason.

9.10 If a shooter disagrees with the referee’s decision, they should stop shooting. The appeal must be made immediately by raising a hand and saying “appeal” or “protest”. The referee must then suspend further firing and the shooter must give the reason for the appeal.

9.11 If the referee is convinced that the ruling is correct, he/she must immediately confirm the decision, which then becomes enforceable without recourse

9.11.1 If the referee has any doubts about his/her decision, he may consult one of the following in a consultative capacity before making a definitive ruling:

• another referee present;

• the trapper or other shoot staff present;

• the shooters belonging to the squad concerned.

The referee is not obliged to agree with the opinions given.

9.11.2 Following consultation as specified above, the referee gives his/her definitive ruling, which then becomes indisputable (10.1 and 10.2).

9.12 To appeal against a referee’s decision, a shooter must protest in writing to the jury, with a deposit of £15.

9.13 If the jury finds in the shooter’s favour the deposit is returned, otherwise it is donated to charity nominated by the event organiser. If the jury finds that the protest is justified, though for a reason other than those referred to in Rule 9.6, it may reverse the referees ruling. The jury may also appoint a new referee or amend the referee’s ruling (Rule 9.6).

Chapter 10 - Refusal to comply

10.1 Air rifle and shotgun shooters must leave the cage / shooting position within twenty seconds of the referee’s final ruling on their score for the sequence.

10.2 If a shooter fails to leave the cage / shooting position within twenty seconds of the referee’s final ruling, this is considered as a refusal to comply and the penalties specified in Chapter 13 will apply.

10.3 If a referee decides that a competitor is deliberately delaying before leaving he stand or is acting in an obviously unfair manner, this will be considered as a refusal to comply.

Chapter 11 - Attempting to influence the referee

11.1 Shooters are considered as attempting to influence the referee where:

11.1.1 The shooter concerned continues to challenge the referee’s final ruling, via his/her attitude or verbally, despite the resumption of firing;

11.1.2 The shooter concerned conspicuously challenges the referee’s rulings;

11.1.3 The shooters present conspicuously express their opinion or criticism of a ruling without being permitted to do so by the referee.

Chapter 12 - Warnings

12.1 If a shooter takes up an improper position, i.e. not in accordance with Chapter 3.1, or if he/she shoulders the gun before the first target of a sequence appears, a warning is issued.

12.2 Any shooter continuing to fire after the referee has interrupted the sequence with the words “cease firing” will be disqualified from the event, no refund will be payable.

Chapter 13 - Penalties

13.1 All shooters taking part in a competition accept all CountrySporting rules and declare that they accept the present sporting rules. They also agree to accept sanctions and any other consequences of breaking the rules, disobeying referees’ orders and rejecting referees’ rulings.

13.2 For a first breach of the rules, the referee or jury will issue a warning.

13.3 In the event of a repeat offence, refusal to comply or an attempt to influence a referee, the jury may penalise a shooter as follows:

• loss of one target;

• loss of a stand of ten targets;

• Expulsion from the competition.

13.4 On referral by a referee, the jury may immediately expel from a competition any shooters who have lost their self-control or who have been guilty of refusal to comply and/or attempting to influence a referee or deliberately firing at live animals.

13.5 Any expulsion in accordance with Rule 13.4 is notified to the shooter’s federation/association and the CountrySporting head office, which will keep a record of the expulsion for a period of five years.

13.6 In the event of a second expulsion within a period of three years of the first expulsion, the offender may, exclusively by decision of CountrySporting organisers, be definitively refused entry to any competition organised under CountrySporting’s auspices.

13.7 Shooters expelled from a competition will not be reimbursed or receive any financial compensation.

Chapter 14 - Scorecards

14.1 Master Scorecards are kept by the referee or, under his/her supervision, another person selected by the referee.

14.2 Targets “Killed” are scored “X” and those “lost” are scored “O” scored “zero” are noted on the scorecard. Each target scored is written down in chronological order from left to right on the scorecard.

Chapter 15 - Competition organisation

15.4 Jury

15.4.1 Events are supervised by a jury formed by members of the CountrySporting organisers present at the event. The jury is chaired by chief event organiser.

15.4.2 The jury makes decisions by a majority of the members present. In the event of a split decision, the chief organiser or his/her representative has a casting vote.

15.4.3 In order to be valid, decisions must be made in the presence of the chief organiser or his/her representative and at least two others of the jury members.

15.4.4 In an emergency (e.g. risk of shooting being stopped), two jury members appointed by the chairman or his/her representative may make an exceptional decision subject to the jury’s subsequent ratification.

15.5 Role of the jury

15.5.1 Before shooting starts the chief organiser and at least one other from the organising body must check that the ranges and layouts comply with the rules and specifications.

15.5.3 The jury must ensure that the rules and safety requirements are observed during shooting.

15.5.4 The jury may check weapons, ammunition and targets using technical testing equipment.

15.5.5 The jury must make the necessary decisions in the event of a technical defect if the chief referee has not made them.

15.5.6 The jury must examine appeals and decide on the necessary penalties given to any shooters failing to observe the rules or behaving in an unsportsmanlike manner.

15.5.7 The jury must ensure that there are always at least two of its members present on the shooting terrain.

15.5.8 The Jury members which noticed an irregularity cannot directly intervene to the referees, but they must report what they observed to the Jury.

15.6 Responsible persons for the layouts

15.6.1 During the days preceding the start of the competition, the course designer/s will present and demonstrate the settings of the layouts with their trajectories as well as the proposed and recorded different type of targets, to the chief event organiser and at least one other from the organising body Layouts are finalised only after being validated by those people.

15.6.2 The proposals specified in paragraph 15.6.1 may be amended to comply with technical, refereeing, safety and environmental rules and, more generally, the spirit of CountrySporting competitions.

15.6.3 Shotgun target trajectories selected in calm weather conditions may be amended to take account of any exceptional change in the weather.

15.6.4 Practice is not permitted once a layout has been finalised

Chapter 16 - Championship procedure

16.1 A standard CountrySporting competition, comprises of either 120 targets over 12 stands or 60 targets over 6 stands, the shooting positions each presenting 10 targets and must be split between those using shotguns and air rifles. No one discipline (weapon type) can account for more than 8 of the 12 or more than 4 of the 6 shooting stands.

16.2 Shooting takes place in squads of six shooters, the first person on the scorecard shoots first on the first stand and squad members shooting first rotate after each stand

*16.3 All the shotgun target trajectories or Air Rifle targets are presented at each stand to the first shooter in each squad, who must be standing outside of the shooting stand.

16.4 Shooters must be at the shooting stand on time and ready to shoot when his/her name is called. If not present when his/her name is called the referee must call out the name and/or number three times within the space of one minute. If the shooter fails to join the squad before his/her turn all targets not shot at are lost. If a shooter attends one of the following stands all targets not fired at on the previous stands are counted “zero”. The shooter may not shoot the layout for which he/she has missed one or more stands in another squad.

16.6 If a shooter considers that he/she has a good reason for being late and that the lateness was outside his/her control, he/she must:

a) Not rejoin his/her squad during the round;

b) Appeal to the jury in writing;

c) Abide by the jury’s decision;

d) Shoot his/her round in another squad if authorised by the jury.

*16.7 In the event of a trap or target machine malfunctioning or a firing interruption lasting more than ten minutes the referee must present the stand targets to the shooters again. This contradicts 3.1.5

16.8. The results of each round are to be displayed on a central scoreboard.

16.9 On leaving each stand, shooters must check that their scores have been correctly recorded on the scorecard. Any shooter challenging the recorded score must inform the referee immediately but the final decision rests solely with the latter, who may nonetheless seek information and take advice (Rule 9.5.2) before making his/her final decision.

Chapter 17 - Dress

17.1 Competition participants must be dressed appropriately. A sleeved shirt must be worn. Shooters wearing clothing deemed to cause offence due to content/slogans etc will be asked to change, cover or remove them. Those who refuse will be disqualified from taking part. Sandals are not permitted for safety reasons. The shooter's number (if issued) must be attached to his/her back and be fully visible.

Chapter 18 - Shoot-offs

18.1 A shoot-off will only be conducted for the top three individual places. Shooters finishing below third place with the same scores are ranked as equals and prizes are distributed on an add and divide basis.

18.2 A new stand will be set by the course designer.

18.3 Shoot-offs consist of twenty targets; ten shotgun and ten rifle. If the shooters cannot be separated they shoot a second round with the shooting stand moved back ten yards. After which ‘sudden death’ prevails.

18.4 Shooting takes place in accordance with the previous rules, though the empty places in the squad are not filled.

18.5 Shooters absent at the time of the shoot-off are disqualified.

18.6 Shooters placed 1–3 must be present at prize giving. If absent they retain their position but forfeit their prize.

Glossary

Squad: Group of six shooters maximum shooting at the same time on the same shooting stand.

Stand: A stand comprises 10 targets shot on the same layout.

Trap: Machine or device for throwing clay targets.

Shot: Corresponds to firing one cartridge or air rifle pellet.

Target: See Rule 2.3

Trajectory: Line followed in space by a target.

Shooting stand: Position for shooting (circle or square)

X: Target broken according to the rules

O: Target missed according to the rules

Course designer: Person in charge of the setting of layouts

No Bird: Target or trajectory irregular according to the rules

If you have got this far congratulations are in order!